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Adipokines - Key Players in Obesity-Related Diseases
Adipokines - Key Players in Obesity-Related Diseases
Adipokines, cytokines expressed by adipocytes or that have an effect on adipocytes, and related peptide neuro-transmitters are central players in energy balance, Obesity cartoonobesity, hunger and satiety (Murphy & Bloom, Nature. 2006).
However, recent evidence shows that adipokines are, more generally, mediators or indicators of inflammation (Fantuzzi, J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2005), playing roles in the development of insulin resistance (Shoelson, et al. J Clin Invest. 2006), diabetes (Tataranni & Ortega. Diabetes. 2005) and many other concomittant health problems associated with obesity, including hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis (Van Gaal, et al. Nature. 2006), not to mention increased risk of certain forms of cancer.
This constellation of symptoms are often referred to as "metabolic syndrome", and all are associated with abdominal obesity, characterized by extensive subcutaneous and visceral deposition of white adipose tissue (Deprés and Lemieux. Nature. 2006)
White adipose tissue (WAT) is by no means an inert fat-storage depot, but could be better characterized as an endocrine organ, mediating complex signals of inflammation to nearby vital organs (Trujillo & Scherer. Endo Rev. 2006)
Understanding the role of endocrine signaling by WAT, as mediated by adipokines, is crtitical to understanding and treating the myriad diseases resulting from obesity.
RayBiotech's Tools for Adipokine Research
A number of publications have illustrated how RayBiotech's antibody arrays and ELISAs can be used for adipokine research.
For example, our RayBio® C-1000 arrays were used to detect differential expression of various cytokine by adipose tissue from obese patients compared to lean patients (Skopková, et al, Obesity 2007). Some of the same investigators from this publication, from the German Diabetes Center in Dusseldorf, had previously used the C-1000 arrays to demonstrate autocrine action of adiponectin in an adipocyte-myocyte co-culture (Dietze-Schroeder, Diabetes. 2005), and to identify MCP-1 as a key mediator of cross-talk between muscle cells and adipocytes (Sell, et al. Endocrinology. 2006).
Drug effects on adipokine expression have also been examined using our array products. For example, a group in the Czech Republic used our C-1000 to examine the effects of selective PPAR antagonists on the cytokine expression by adipocytes (Klimcakova, et al. BBRC. 2007).
Other groups have used RayBio® arrays to elucidate the role of adipokines in COPD (Miller, et al. J Immunol. 2009), osteoarthritis (Chen, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006), and lupus erythematosus (Rovin,et al. Kidney Intl. 2005). Our leptin and adiponectin ELISA kits have been used to examine the role of the adipokines in many diseases as well .
RayBiotech carries the most complete line of research tools for adipokines available today. These include adiopokine-related arrays, ELISA and EIA kits, antibodies, peptides and proteins. Below are links to information on our extensive adipokine research tools. Notably, the EIA kits are suitable for detection of adipokines in multiple species, including human, mouse and rat.
Products:
Human Adipokine Array (Detects 62 adipokines)
Membrane Adipokine Array (AAH-ADI-1) manual
Glass-Slide Adipokine Array (AAH-ADI-G1) manual
Human Adipokine Label-based Array
(Detects 182 adipokines)
Adipokine Label-based Antibody Array Map
Membrane Array (AAH-BLM-ADI-1) manual
Glass slide Array (AAH-BLG-ADI-1) manual
Adipokine ELISAs
Human Adiponectin ELISA kit (ELH-ACRP30-001)
Human Leptin ELISA kit (ELH-Leptin-001)
Human IL-6 ELISA kit (ELH-IL6-001)
Mouse Leptin (Ob) ELISA kit (ELM-Leptin-001)
Mouse IL-6 ELISA kit (ELM-IL6-001)
Complete list of Adipokine ELISA kits
Adipokine EIAs (detects human, mouse, rat, etc.)
Adiponectin EIA
Angiotensin-2 EIA
CART EIA
Ghrelin EIA
Nesfatin EIA
Neuropeptide Y EIA
PYY EIA
Visfatin EIA
Adipokines, cytokines expressed by adipocytes or that have an effect on adipocytes, and related peptide neuro-transmitters are central players in energy balance, Obesity cartoonobesity, hunger and satiety (Murphy & Bloom, Nature. 2006).
However, recent evidence shows that adipokines are, more generally, mediators or indicators of inflammation (Fantuzzi, J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2005), playing roles in the development of insulin resistance (Shoelson, et al. J Clin Invest. 2006), diabetes (Tataranni & Ortega. Diabetes. 2005) and many other concomittant health problems associated with obesity, including hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis (Van Gaal, et al. Nature. 2006), not to mention increased risk of certain forms of cancer.
This constellation of symptoms are often referred to as "metabolic syndrome", and all are associated with abdominal obesity, characterized by extensive subcutaneous and visceral deposition of white adipose tissue (Deprés and Lemieux. Nature. 2006)
White adipose tissue (WAT) is by no means an inert fat-storage depot, but could be better characterized as an endocrine organ, mediating complex signals of inflammation to nearby vital organs (Trujillo & Scherer. Endo Rev. 2006)
Understanding the role of endocrine signaling by WAT, as mediated by adipokines, is crtitical to understanding and treating the myriad diseases resulting from obesity.
RayBiotech's Tools for Adipokine Research
A number of publications have illustrated how RayBiotech's antibody arrays and ELISAs can be used for adipokine research.
For example, our RayBio® C-1000 arrays were used to detect differential expression of various cytokine by adipose tissue from obese patients compared to lean patients (Skopková, et al, Obesity 2007). Some of the same investigators from this publication, from the German Diabetes Center in Dusseldorf, had previously used the C-1000 arrays to demonstrate autocrine action of adiponectin in an adipocyte-myocyte co-culture (Dietze-Schroeder, Diabetes. 2005), and to identify MCP-1 as a key mediator of cross-talk between muscle cells and adipocytes (Sell, et al. Endocrinology. 2006).
Drug effects on adipokine expression have also been examined using our array products. For example, a group in the Czech Republic used our C-1000 to examine the effects of selective PPAR antagonists on the cytokine expression by adipocytes (Klimcakova, et al. BBRC. 2007).
Other groups have used RayBio® arrays to elucidate the role of adipokines in COPD (Miller, et al. J Immunol. 2009), osteoarthritis (Chen, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006), and lupus erythematosus (Rovin,et al. Kidney Intl. 2005). Our leptin and adiponectin ELISA kits have been used to examine the role of the adipokines in many diseases as well .
RayBiotech carries the most complete line of research tools for adipokines available today. These include adiopokine-related arrays, ELISA and EIA kits, antibodies, peptides and proteins. Below are links to information on our extensive adipokine research tools. Notably, the EIA kits are suitable for detection of adipokines in multiple species, including human, mouse and rat.
Products:
Human Adipokine Array (Detects 62 adipokines)
Membrane Adipokine Array (AAH-ADI-1) manual
Glass-Slide Adipokine Array (AAH-ADI-G1) manual
Human Adipokine Label-based Array
(Detects 182 adipokines)
Adipokine Label-based Antibody Array Map
Membrane Array (AAH-BLM-ADI-1) manual
Glass slide Array (AAH-BLG-ADI-1) manual
Adipokine ELISAs
Human Adiponectin ELISA kit (ELH-ACRP30-001)
Human Leptin ELISA kit (ELH-Leptin-001)
Human IL-6 ELISA kit (ELH-IL6-001)
Mouse Leptin (Ob) ELISA kit (ELM-Leptin-001)
Mouse IL-6 ELISA kit (ELM-IL6-001)
Complete list of Adipokine ELISA kits
Adipokine EIAs (detects human, mouse, rat, etc.)
Adiponectin EIA
Angiotensin-2 EIA
CART EIA
Ghrelin EIA
Nesfatin EIA
Neuropeptide Y EIA
PYY EIA
Visfatin EIA